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TitleSupplementary data, code, and information for ‘Long-term variability in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and associated teleconnections’
Date2000
AbstractWe analyze global patterns of reconstructed surface temperature for insights into the behavior of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and related climatic variability during the past three centuries. The global temperature reconstructions are based on calibrations of a large set of globally distributed proxy records, or “multiproxy” data, against the dominant patterns of surface temperature during the past century. These calibrations allow us to estimate large-scale surface temperature patterns back in time. The reconstructed eastern equatorial Pacific “Niño-3” areal-mean sea surface temperature (SST) index is used as a direct diagnostic of El Niño itself, while the global ENSO phenomenon is analyzed based on the full global temperature fields. We document low-frequency changes in the base state, amplitude of interannual variability, and extremes in El Niño, as well as in the global pattern of ENSO variability. Recent anomalous behavior in both El Niño and the global ENSO is interpreted in the context of the long-term reconstructed history and possible forcing mechanisms. The mean state of ENSO, its global patterns of influence, amplitude of interannual variability, and frequency of extreme events show considerable multidecadal and century-scale variability over the past several centuries. Many of these changes appear to be related to changes in global climate, and the histories of external forcing agents, including recent anthropogenic forcing.
MetadataClick here for full metadata
Data DOIdoi:10.26208/q6fb-f432

Researchers
Mann, M. E.
Penn State Department of Meteorology
Bradley, R. S.
University of Massachusetts
Hughes, M. K.
University of Arizona

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References
Mann, M.E., Bradley, R.S., Hughes, M.K., Long-term variability in the El Nino Southern Oscillation and associated teleconnections, Diaz, H.F. and Markgraf, V. (eds) El Nino and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale Variability and its Impacts on Natural Ecosystems and Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 357-412, 2000.