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TitleSkeletal Age Estimation – Transition Analysis (TA3-V1.0)
Date2025
AbstractA computer program, TA3-V1.0, is developed to facilitate skeletal age estimation for forensic investigations (personal identification) and archaeological research (paleodemography and paleoepidemiology). Maximum likelihood point estimates and confidence intervals for individual skeletons are tailored to the bones present and their appearance. The empirical backbone of the program consists of 69 GLM and GAM-estimated age-of-transitions from one morphological stage to the next for 47 cranial and postcranial structures, defined in an accompanying manual. Data are from 1638 modern known-age skeletons from four continents.
MetadataClick here for full metadata
Data DOIdoi:10.26208/VTHF-DR64

Researchers
Milner, G. R.
Penn State Department of Anthropology
Boldsen, J. L.
Southern Denmark University
Ousley, S. D.

Heissel, T. W.
Southern Denmark University
Boock, M. V.
Southern Denmark University
Cruz-Filipe, L.
University of Copenhagen
Getz, S. M.
Southern Denmark University
Weise, S.
Southern Denmark University
Tarp, P.
Southern Denmark University

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References
Boldsen, J.L., Heissel, T.W., Getz, S.M., Weise, S., Boock, M.V., Cruz-Filipe, L., Ousley, S.D., and Milner, G.R. 2026. Transition analysis 3: Skeletal age estimation program. Forensic Science International 386: 112909, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112909
Milner, G.R., Getz, S.M., Weise, S., Tarp, P., Ousley, S.D., and Boldsen, J.L. 2026. Transition analysis 3: New skeletal age indicators. Forensic Science International 386: 112895, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112895